Danh sách các loại virus nguy hiểm nhất hành tinh
The Ebola virus may spread terror, but it is not the most dangerous virus in the world. The same goes for the HIV virus, because the most feared “killer” of humanity is the virus related to Ebola.
Ebola’s cousin virus is now considered the scariest virus known to humans. It is named after a peaceful small town on the Lahn River in the state of Hesse, Germany, which is not related to the disease the virus causes. Marburg virus is essentially a virus that causes dengue fever.
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Marburg virus is transmitted through contact, from humans who come into contact with monkeys that eat half-eaten fruit from bats carrying the disease. Infected people will have the virus attack vital organs and major organs such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, intestines, reproductive organs and salivary glands.
After entering the organs, the virus will cause people with severe dengue fever: convulsions, bleeding of mucous membranes, skin and internal organs, with a mortality rate of 50 – 100% after only 8 hours. -10 days.
There are currently five strains of Ebola in the world, each named after countries and territories in Africa: Zaire, Sudan, Tai Forest, Bundibugyo and Reston. Among them, the Zaire Ebola virus is the most dangerous, capable of causing up to 90% mortality. This is also the strain circulating throughout Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Nigeria. Flying foxes may have carried the Zaire Ebola virus to cities in West Africa, scientists say.
Hanta virus is the common name of many virus strains. It is named after a river where soldiers are believed to have first been infected with Hanta virus during the Korean War in 1950. Symptoms include lung problems, fever and kidney failure.
The various strains of bird flu often cause panic, perhaps mainly because the mortality rate from infection in humans is as high as 70%. However, in reality, the risk of infection with H5N1, one of the best known strains of bird flu, is relatively low. You can only get the disease through direct contact with poultry and wild birds. That is considered the reason why most bird flu cases appear in Asia, where people often live near chickens and ducks.
A nurse in Nigeria was the first person infected with the Lassa virus. This virus is spread through mice. After being infected, the virus will appear in their urine, then enter the human body through eating or breathing.
Common symptoms of Lassa virus infection are nausea, angina, chest tightness, followed by vomiting and bloody stools.
In addition, the patient will have internal bleeding, causing bleeding in many organs and even blindness. The victim’s heart will also beat much faster than normal, easily causing the heart to stop beating when exhausted.
Infections can be local, meaning the virus hits a certain area, such as West Africa, and can reappear at any time. Scientists estimate that 15% of rodents in West Africa carry the Lassa virus.
According to statistics, each year in Africa about 300,000 people get sick, of which about 5,000 die each year.
Although the mortality rate is quite low, patients will usually die in less than 2 weeks if not treated. In addition, there is currently no vaccine that can protect against this disease.
This is the virus related to Argentine hemorrhagic fever. People infected with the virus will experience tissue inflammation, infections and bleeding skin. The problem is that these symptoms seem to be so common that Junin virus disease is easily confused with other diseases and is rarely detected in the first place.
Crimea-Congo fever virus is spread through vector animals, ticks. This virus is similar to the Ebola and Marburg viruses in how the disease develops. In the first days of infection, the patient will have bleeding spots on the face, mouth and throat.
This virus is related to dengue fever in Bolivia. When entering the human body, the virus causes high fever accompanied by severe bleeding. The progression of the disease is similar to Junin virus. The virus can be transmitted from person to person, and rats are often considered a vector for transmitting the disease.
Scientists discovered the KFD virus in the coastal forests of southwest India in 1955. The virus is thought to be spread by ticks, but researchers say it is difficult to identify any any intermediary. transmit any disease. Bats, birds and wild boars can all be disease vectors. People infected with KFD will experience high fever, severe headaches, muscle pain, and possibly bleeding.
Dengue fever is a constant danger. If you’re planning a tropical vacation, you need to know information about dengue fever. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes and strikes about 50 to 100 million people each year in popular tourist destinations such as India and Thailand. The problem is even more serious for the 2 million people living in areas at risk of dengue fever.
This is also one of the dangerous viruses in Africa and the Arab region.
This virus spreads in many different ways, but they all come from a single source: from slaughtered animals carrying the disease.
The virus from here spreads through the air, spreads through the respiratory tract or people get sick by eating meat or drinking milk of animals carrying the disease. Even mosquitoes contribute to the outbreak of this disease.
This virus causes dangerous Rift Valley fever with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. Mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pain, and headache and usually last for a week.
In severe cases, the patient may lose vision after 3 weeks, or have a brain infection that causes severe headaches – confusion, and even serious bleeding under the skin.
When it reaches the hemorrhagic stage, the death rate of the disease is up to 50% and the patient will only have time… lasting only 3 days.
More dangerously, this disease still has no cure but can only supplement the patient’s resistance. The only way to prevent Rift Valley fever is to be fully vaccinated.
This is a virus” emerging” capable of causing disease in both animals and humans, spread by… bats.
Bats carrying the disease will eat fruit, leaving the Nipah virus on it. The virus will then be transmitted directly to humans after eating the fruit, or after humans eat meat or drink milk from animals that have eaten the fruit.
Nipah virus was first discovered in 1998 after an outbreak in a village called Nipah (Malaysia). Some people get sick from eating pork that contains the virus.
After entering the human body, the virus can cause a number of infections of unknown cause. Patients may have acute respiratory infections, and in severe cases, encephalitis can lead to death.
The death rate from the disease caused by Nipah virus is up to 40-70%. There is currently no vaccine for humans or animals. The main treatment for people is intensive care and support.
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by an RNA virus, most common in Africa and the Balkans, Middle East and Asia.
The CCHF virus is transmitted from animals to humans – mainly from pets – through the bite of a parasitic tick or by direct contact with an infected animal.
CCHF is spread by the Hyalomma marginatum bug – a parasite that lives on livestock
People infected with the disease caused by the CCHF virus will have common cold symptoms within 1-7 days, but will then show signs of mental confusion and throat bleeding. The next symptoms will be nosebleeds, vomiting and black stools.
However, if not treated properly, the patient will usually “grow” after 7 – 14 days. The mortality rate of disease caused by CCHF virus is about 30%.
In the modern world, HIV may be the most dangerous virus. “HIV remains the biggest killer in history,” said Dr. Amesh Adalja, an infectious disease physician and spokesman for the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
An estimated 32 million people have died from HIV since the disease was first discovered in the early 1980s. Dr. Adalja emphasized: “The infectious disease causing the greatest damage to humanity today is HIV.”
Powerful antiretroviral drugs have helped people with HIV live for many years without developing the final stage – AIDS. Yet the disease continues to ravage many low- and middle-income countries. 95% of new HIV infections occur in these places.
Statistics from the WHO African region show that nearly one in every 25 adults is HIV-positive, accounting for more than two-thirds of patients worldwide. In 2020, there were 680,000 HIV-related deaths globally.
Since 1920, rabies vaccines for pets have been put into use, helping this disease almost no longer appear in developed countries. However, rabies remains a serious problem in India and some parts of Africa.
The rabies virus is transmitted after an infected animal scratches or bites a new host. People with rabies will suffer brain and nerve damage. According to the US National Health Service (NHS), once an infected person shows symptoms, the possibility of curing the disease is almost zero.
“It destroys the brain. This is a very dangerous disease. However, we already have rabies vaccines and antibodies against the rabies virus. So if someone is bitten by an animal, we can treat it immediately.” Associate Professor Muhlberger said. However, if not treated, 100% of patients will die.
In 1980, the World Health Assembly declared the world free of smallpox. But before that, humans had to fight smallpox for thousands of years. This disease claims the lives of 1/3 of patients, according to BBC. It left survivors with dozens of deep, permanent scars and blindness.
In areas outside Europe, mortality rates are even higher. For example, historians estimate smallpox killed 90% of the indigenous population in the Americas. BBC said that in the twentieth century alone, smallpox caused 300 million deaths.
Dr. Adalja commented: “It is this virus that has imposed the most terrible burden on the world. Not only will the patient die, but the patient will be permanently blind. That inspired us to eliminate this disease from the Earth.”
Electron microscope image of SARS-CoV-2 in a patient in the US. (Photo: NIAID-RML).
SARS-CoV-2 is the leading agent causing the deadly Covid-19 pandemic. According to WHO statistics, as of February 4, globally there were more than 774 million confirmed cases of Covid-19 infection. More than 7 million of them died.
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same large family of viruses as SARS-CoV, called coronavirus, which was first discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan city, China. According to a 2021 study in the journal Nature, the virus may have originated in bats and passed through an intermediary animal before infecting humans.
According to WHO, this virus poses a higher risk to people with chronic diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure or obesity. Common symptoms include fever, cough, loss of taste or smell, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and loss of mobility.
Rotavirus is the agent that causes many children to die from diarrhea. (Photo: CDC).
According to the Rotavirus Prevention Association, Rotavirus is a diarrhea-causing virus that kills 200,000 children each year, mainly in Nigeria and India.
WHO estimates that worldwide there are more than 25 million outpatient visits and 2 million hospitalizations each year due to rotavirus infection.
Currently, the world has two vaccines that protect children from rotavirus, the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. Countries that have deployed the vaccine have also seen sharp declines in hospitalizations and deaths from rotavirus.
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Nguồn: https://bachhoaxanh.edu.vn
Danh mục: Phong Thuỷ
This post was last modified on 21/02/2024 21:01
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